Training , Development & Performance with Motivation Essay examples --

Training , Development & Performance with MotivationTraining includes all forms of planned learning experiences andactivities designed to make positive changes to transaction andMotivation.Development approaches the individual and employees motivation from adifferent angle from that of preparedness. While training is typicallyconcerned with enabling the individual to contribute to meeting theobjectives of the face better, personal start outment is moreconcerned with enabling individuals to develop themselves in the waythat best suits individual needs. The two, it is hoped, will cometogether. By helping individuals to develop themselves, they will bemore inclined and better able to contribute to helping theorganization meet its objectives.It is important to stress that the process of linking performance andtraining and development the process of appraisal and other forms ofevaluation should be closely linked to training and development. Ifthe organizations to achieve its objective s, it is essential to trainand develop its people so they are best able to support theorganization in working towards objectives. At the same time theindividual needs to have the opportunity to be able to communicateemployees own personal development needs to the organization throughappraisal or personal development planning schemes.The Financial and non-financial behind be no doubt that financial rewardis perhaps the most significant factor in pe...

The Success of Micro Finance in Pakistan :: Finance

As found by Hartangi (2007) that success of Micro finance depends upon the practices of that specific bank, which finance poor people, by quoting and example of BRI (Bank Rakyat, Indonesia) researcher says that they provide technical and moral support to the people they lend money, and make sure they do good, they also ask different collaterals like motorcycle, cars, cattle, and land etc to secure their loan yet making collateral stronger incase the client fails to repay and credits interesting for lower family community. Beside this, Risk management, internal audit, financial procedures, transp atomic number 18nt system, dedicated staff, and clear incentives to staff and clients are the factors which contribute toward the successful lending of micro finances. Obamuyi (2009) says that poor credit finishing and low risk management so-and-so result in low rate of return, which finally ends with the failure of the scheme. The risk of low rate of return can also be minimized by the a ssistance provided by the MFIs to develop the small business of clients (Zelealem, Temtime, & Shunda, 2003). RESEARCH METHADOLOGYStudy typeThis study is a correlational study in which relation between income level, living standard, access to education, and empowerment due to micro financing in Pakistan is studied. Study settingStudy was conducted in natural environment, and no lab settings were used while studying the relationship between income level, empowerment, access to education, and access to health facilities due to MFIs in Pakistan has been studies, which makes this study a non-contrived study.Unit of AnalysisDifferent individuals, who obtained micro finances from Micro financial institutions of Pakistan, were asked to record their responses.Time HorizonData was smooth from individuals who obtained micro finances from MFIs in Pakistan once in one month time period there will be no further data collection for this study. The collected responses are one shot, which make this study a cross-sectional study.DataThis study utilized primary data as well as secondary data. pristine data was gathered from individual who obtained micro finances from MFIs in Pakistan, data was gathered using a prepared research instrument. And secondary data was collected for literature review, from different online research databases.Data AnalysisData was inspected, cleaned, transformed and modeled using SPSS V.17.0 to highlight useful information. Linear Regression was applied as per the requirement of the study to explore the relationship between increase in income, living standard, access to education, and empowerment, due to MFIs in Pakistan.Sampling typeA non luck convenience sampling was done, questionnaire were distributed among customers of MFIs who were conveniently available to the researcher.

Pros and Cons of Abortion Essay -- Religion Christianity Abortion Ethi

Pros and Cons of AbortionShould a list of pros and cons of miscarriage really be necessary for Christians...or human beings for that matter? I mean, take a crap we really reached a point where we cannot tell that abortion is murderous no matter how you color it or try to paint it as compassionate? Apparently so. Thirty overconfident years after the infamous Supreme Court decision in Roe versus Wade and thirty one years after my own timely birth, I sit in awe at the ignorance of a great portion of society...their lack of understanding, their selfishness, and their brazen patronise of such a horrendous practise as abortion. I guess I should not be surprised that the unregenerate world can support abortion, but what shocks me most is that professing Christians lead to consider some sort of pros and cons of abortion list so that they can make an informed decision. It is a crying shame that we have reached a day when the Bible is not sufficient enough of a guideline for Christians that they feel they must hear the pros and cons of abortion. Well, since this seems to be the case, lets step at some pros and cons of abortion. Lets evaluate them in light of the scriptures and in light of our conclusions based on the whole of scripture and the impecable character of our God and His expectations for us. I latterly viewed a site with one of these lists with the pros and cons of abortion. I would like to review their statements with my evaluation of them below Pros of Abortion*Laws against abortion kill women. Even though abortion may be illegal doesnt mean that women wont go through with the abortion. Look at the case of Becky Bell for example. She was an innocent girl that did not want her claw and died because of an illegal abortion.***My Assessment Yes, batch will continue to sin, but we should never sit band condone theirs inn by either verbal support or merely apathy. We certainly should not use the dumb excuse of Well, they are just going to do it anyway a nd at least if abortion is legal, they wont be doing them in dirty back alleys. It is always tragic when a human being loses their life, but if abortion is once again outlawed (as it should be), these people would always be losing their lives in violation of a good, common sense, and compassionate law. If they die breaking the law, then they will die the death of a criminal. But, transport keep... ...ortion you will always wonder what if, and feel guilty for the rest of your life about the child you could have had. Biblical pros and cons of abortion Isa 4424 and so saith the LORD, thy redeemer, and he that formed thee from the womb, I am the LORD that maketh all things that stretcheth forth the heavens alone that spreadeth abroad the earth by myself Biblical pros and cons of abortion Isa 463 Hearken unto me, O house of Jacob, and all the remnant of the house of Israel, which are borne by me from the belly, which are carried from the womb Biblical pros and cons of abortion Isa 66 9 Shall I direct to the birth, and not cause to bring forth? saith the LORD shall I cause to bring forth, and shut the womb? saith thy God. Now I shall leave you with some very gravestone scriptures as you consider the pros and cons of abortion... Jer 15 Before I formed thee in the belly I knew thee and before thou camest forth out of the womb I sanctified thee, and I ordained thee a prophet unto the nations. Isa 4915 Can a woman forget her sucking child, that she should not have compassion on the son of her womb? yea, they may forget, yet will I not forget thee.

War of 1812 Essay -- essays research papers

The War of 1812The war of 1812, purportedly fought over neutral occupation rights, was a very peculiar conflict indeed. Britains trade restrictions, one of the main causes, were removed two days before the war started the New Englanders, for whom the war was supposedly fought, opposed it the most decisive battle, at New Orleans, was fought after the war ended.During the Napoleonic wars, Britain and France had disrupted US shipping, confiscated American goods, taking US seamen into the British navy, and both(prenominal) sides had blockaded each others ports. This caused great annoyance to American traders, and Britains abduction of American sailors especially caused great uproar and indignation at home. Many called for war, although it is interesting to note that it was southerners and westerners, the supposed war hawks led by Clay and Calhoun, who supported war who were least affected by Britains actions. Some historians attribute this to their desire to take British Canada and Spanish Florida in the process of war. The Republican administration, traditionally supportive of France, finally declared war on Britain in 1812, ironically two days after Britain had lifted their trade embargo.Two and a half years of fighting commenced, and when the peace treaty was eventually signed in Ghent, there was no mention any(prenominal) of neutral rights. The treaty gave neither si...

The Characters of Leo Tolstoys Anna Karenina Essay -- Tolstoy Anna Ka

The Characters of Leo Tolstoys Anna Karenina By examining the character list, one immediately notices the value Tolstoy places on character. With one hundred and twoscore named characters and several other unnamed characters, Tolstoy places his central focus in Anna Karenina on the characters. He uses their actions and behavior to develop the plot and exemplify the major themes of the novel. Tolstoy wishes to examine invigoration as it really is. Tolstoy gives us a lifelike representation in Anna Karenina by creating characters, both major and minor, that contribute to the experience of realism. The most striking bear of Tolstoys minor characters is that although they may only appear briefly, they still possess a sense of lifelikeness. When a character is introduced, Tolstoy provides the reader with details of the characters appearance and actions that give a sense of realism. For example, the waiter that Stiva and Levin encounter at their dinner, although a pl anar character is definitely presented in a manner which allows him to have a sense of lifelikeness and fullness. From the words patterns the waiter uses to the description of the fit of his uniform, one is presented with the details that allow the waiter to contribute to the novel in means beyond simply the presence of a minor character. His description and actions provide the novel with a sense of real life. Another way in which Tolstoy gives the minor character a sense of life is by making them unpredictable. One sees this in the character of Ryabinin. When initially discussed, the reader is told that upon conclusion of busines... ...esponse to the same situation. It is this contrast of the three characters that allows Tolstoy to take full educational activity of the life novel. He achieves a sense of real life in all of his characters. Although the reader may wish to, and can, draw distinctions in Tolstoys characters such as a major or minor character that is eit her flat or round, the central focus of the character should be the contribution that they make to the worldly concern of the novel. Although one can classify each of the characters in Anna Karenina as a major, minor, flat or round character, Tolstoy presents each of his characters, whether they be major minor flat or round, so as to convey a sense of reality and lifelikeness in his novel. Work Cited Tolstoy, Leo, Anna Karenin, translated by Edmonds, Rosemary, Penguin, London, 1978.

Analysis of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 Essa

Introduction In 2010, the United States took the first tangible step toward universal health care coverage, with the legalization of the forbearing Protection and Affordable bursting charge Act of 2010. According to the U.S. Census Bureaus most recent report the total population of the United States is almost 309 million people (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). In 2009, it was estimated 49 % of the population was covered under an employer sponsored insurance plan (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2009). The same 2009 data reported an additional 29 % of the population was covered under some get up of government or public program (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2009). Leaving 17 % of the U.S. population vulnerable without any form of health insurance coverage (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2009). It is this minority that the Patient Protection and Affordable pull off Act of 2010 will protect. Politicians speak of the nearly 50 million uninsurable Americans in generalities but who are th ese at-risk people the answer is a complex one (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2011). To begin with the 80 % of the uninsured are U.S. citizens (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2011). It is estimated that 60% of the non-elderly uninsured gull one or more full-time workers in the household and in a family of four the estimated family income is less than $22,050 per year (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2011). If categorized by age the largest attribute of the nonelderly uninsured, according to studies, is the young adult cohort (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2011). Access One of the chief objectives of the new legislation is to provide insurance coverage for all citizens ensuring access to aesculapian care for all and this begins with expanding the coverage for the young adult ... ...mmission on Medicade and the Uninsured http//www.kff.org/uninsured/1420.cfmOpenCongress. (n.d.). Health Care Bill - H.R.3590 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act - U.S. Congress - OpenCongress. Retrieved Oc tober 31, 2011, from Open Congress for the 112th United States Congress http//www.opencongress.org/bill/111-h3590/showSherman, P., Moscou, S., & Dang-Vu, C. (2009). The primary care crisis and health care reform. Journal of Health Care for the Poor & Underserved , 20 (4), 944-950.Starfield, B., Shi, L., & Macinko, J. (2005). Contribution of primary care to health systems and health. The Milbank Quarterly , 83 (3), 457-502.U.S. Census Bureau. (2010). American Fact Finder - Resuldts. Retrieved November 6, 2011, from U.S. Census Buereau http.//factfinder2.census.gov/faces/ give inservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1&prodType=table

Analysis of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 Essa

Introduction In 2010, the United States took the first tangible step toward universal wellness c are reporting, with the legalization of the uncomplaining Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010. According to the U.S. Census Bureaus most recent report the summation community of the United States is close to 309 million people (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). In 2009, it was estimated 49 % of the population was covered under an employer sponsored insurance plan (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2009). The same 2009 data reported an additional 29 % of the population was covered under some form of government or public program (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2009). Leaving 17 % of the U.S. population vulnerable without any form of health insurance coverage (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2009). It is this minority that the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 will protect. Politicians speak of the nearly 50 million uninsured Americans in generalities but who are these at- risk people the answer is a complex one (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2011). To begin with the 80 % of the uninsured are U.S. citizens (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2011). It is estimated that 60% of the non-elderly uninsured have one or more full-time workers in the household and in a family of four the estimated family income is less than $22,050 per year (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2011). If categorized by age the largest portion of the nonelderly uninsured, according to studies, is the young adult cohort (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2011). Access One of the chief objectives of the new legislation is to provide insurance coverage for all citizens ensuring access to medical wish well for all and this begins with expanding the coverage for the young adult ... ...mmission on Medicade and the Uninsured http//www.kff.org/uninsured/1420.cfmOpenCongress. (n.d.). Health Care Bill - H.R.3590 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act - U.S. Congress - OpenCongress. Retrieved October 31, 2011, from Open Congress for the 112th United States Congress http//www.opencongress.org/bill/111-h3590/showSherman, P., Moscou, S., & Dang-Vu, C. (2009). The primary care crisis and health care reform. Journal of Health Care for the Poor & Underserved , 20 (4), 944-950.Starfield, B., Shi, L., & Macinko, J. (2005). Contribution of primary care to health systems and health. The Milbank Quarterly , 83 (3), 457-502.U.S. Census Bureau. (2010). American Fact lookout - Resuldts. Retrieved November 6, 2011, from U.S. Census Buereau http.//factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1&prodType=table

Android Technology Essay

android technology is a instance of OSS (open source softw atomic number 18 package), which is a type of software readily available with a source code that isnt held exclusive by copyright laws. android is made specially for mobile devices and includes software that provides common services for computer applications, middleware, which lets multiple applications run at the same time or connect, and many other key applications like social networking, games, and argument modules. humanoid is modeled after Linux kernel, the first operating system of free and open-source software.However, android is moving to increment the number of people with nett get to via mobile devices ( prison cell phones). In August of 2005, Google obtaind the original software developer of humanoid. Android technology includes the hardware devices, operating systems, and computer-programming languages used by the Android phone. Android developers write in java language, which is why the majority of the o pen-source software stack consists of Java applications on a Java-based framework that is object-oriented.Some of the most popular android products are HTC-EVO 4G and Droid X, 2, and Pro smart phones as well as one of its latest developments, the Motorola XOOM, an Android tablet. Android continues to progress in its production of newer software, smart phones, etcetera To date, there are over two hundred thousand applications offered for Android. Lastly, Android technology has improved mobile technology by forming the Open Handset Alliance, a group of handset manufacturers, service providers, and chip producers whose goal is to form the ecosystem for Android operating systems.Android technology hosts a number of potential benefits to possible consumers. Android is powered by open-source software stack, which means it is free to obtain and hobo be accessed from the Internet. In fact, Google has out sourced codes of Android technology on the web to be trialed. It safe to say that Goo gle sees an importance in the customers familiarizing themselves with the product before purchasing say a smart phone, tablet, etc. that comes equip with Android technology.In saying this, it would be incorrect to say that Android manufacturers dont believe in customer service. Another, benefit of Android is its push to increase the number of people with mobile web access. A benefit of mobile access to the web relieves the hassle of trying to find a desktop or waiting until one gets firm to check emails, Google groups, social networking sites that hold important information, etc. Android Technology is provided in a wide array of products, much(prenominal) as the Motorola Droid X.More specifically, benefits of Droid X are perks like its 4. 3 inch vivid display allowing for pocket-sized home theater quality, the ability to control your homes Frontpoint bail system, an advanced 8 mega-pixel camera with dual flash that captures pictures and records HD videos, and an HDMI output that is capable of connecting to your home HD television to view your HD videos. Ultimately, each product carrying Android technology has its own little perks whether thats software, elongated battery life, etc.The potential benefits of this kind of technology outweigh any potential pitfalls. fit to Marguerite Reardon in her CNET news article Living with Technology Google Android and the Wireless Future, much of the softwares success will be obstinate by what others in the ecosystem choose to do with it (Reardon 1). This means benefits can be endless, because with android technology you get what you put in, as cliche as that sounds, the more than applications you add to your device the more sufficient you and your mobile device will be.Like all other advancements in technology, Android technology is a change of what came before it (Linux kernel). Due to nature of it being a new and exciting type of technology, people have begun to voice perspective on legal, social, ethical, and secu rity conditions of products including the software. First, to work up any confusion Google only has rights to the software or operating system it is not there job to supply the build or steel devices.Rights to manufacture phones/smart phones and other devices using Android operating systems powered by Google are companies like LG, HTC, Samsung, and Motorola. Also, service providers like Verizon and T-Mobile only provide cell phone service they dont manufacture the phones or write the software that is put into them. This is something that catches people off guard when they see these devices being sell at local Verizon and T-Mobile stores. The main determinant of social perspectives is feedback whether thats in the form of a review or letter.Mobile technology specialist Ian Fogg had this to say, Android offers some key advantages. Handset manufacturers can get a leg up, a quicker start, because theyre using Android as a base, they can still differentiate with software, and they get the advantage of having compatibility with all the applications out in the Android marketplace. The idea of taking something like a cellular phone and inserting Android technology exponential improves the users capability to interact with others based on a number of different applications and simply by mobilizing web access.Opinions of honest standards in terms of Android technology go hand in hand with opinions of its security policies. First, in order to activate the software you must purchase a data plan, which is billed monthly in addition to the total cost of the device itself. This rules out the obsoleteness of the software, because although it is freely obtainable it is not in free and workable condition without a data plan. This is a feature of Android technology that society rewards being able to main exclusivity underlines the importance, safety, and integrity of the company.Also, in terms of perspectives on ethics and security, phones have in put GPS devices that signal where the phone is, if it is ever to lost or stolen. Lastly, ethics are built on societal needs and coming through with them. One of the many pre-installed application that comes with an Android device is an application called places. This application allows people to locate necessary places burn out stations, ATMs, and dining facilities in their vicinity with just the touch of a button.One of the biggest obstacles that caused a minor setback for Googles Android during the beginning of its blowup was its absence of Bluetooth API (application programming interface). Ken Dulaney, a Gartner analyst, pointed out that although there was no Bluetooth API, Androids partial support for headsets would alleviate some concerns (Ruffolo 1). However, it didnt chance on away all potential problems.Dulaney continued by saying, one of the major side effects of the missing Bluetooth API and of the open source platform in command is that the Android-based handhelds will suffer from serious fra gmentation across the various vendors using the platform, ultimately complicating the development process (Ruffolo 1). Yet, these werent obstacles that couldnt have been overcome. The author talks closely how even Apple had problems with the iPhone in its manufacturing stages all that was needed was time for developers to grow and their product to further mature.Android technology is a open-source software that has created numerous possibilities with its many potential benefits such as applications, mobile web access, and growing popularity/dependability. It has received positive feedback from the public in terms of applications and software that apply to legal, social, ethical, and security perspectives. Lastly, although it is apparent that minor set backs have occurred in the developing of products with Android technology, time will allow them to grow and improve from stages of experimentation.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs within Lord of the Flies Essay

Abraham Maslow formulated a theory of a hierarchy of posits, stating that he believed that human race bes are motivated by unsatisfied or incomplete needs. In his theory there are five levels of certain needs in which cast down needs need to be satisfied before higher needs can be achieved. The five needs are physiological, guard, love, esteem, and self-actualization. Maslows power structure of inevitably applies to many of the characters in Lord of the Flies, such as shoat, Ralph, and asshole, and shows how they are affected when their needs are unsatisfied.The lowest and basic need of Maslows Hierarchy of of necessity is physiological needs, which are the necessity of air, water, food, sleep, and shelter. Throughout the novel, the majority of the boys acquired all of their physiological needs. There were three shelters built of tree branches, logs, and leaves. The boys slept in the shelters at night for inspiration and a sense of home. Many of the junior boys munched on t he fruits they picked in the jungle and everyone ate roasted pig which Jack and his hunters slaughtered periodically. The boys also filled up coco shells with water and placed them under trees and in the shade of the jungle to be chilled and drank when necessary. Since the boys alleviated their physiological needs, they were able to think about other needs, such as safety.The second need of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs is the necessity for safety, which is protection and maintaining wellbeing while creating stability in a chaotic world.One of Ralphs first instincts was to maintain safety by searching and exploring the island with Jack and Simon for anything or anyone who could possibly pose a threat to their wellbeing while inhabiting the island. Also, shote and Ralph arrive a conch in the water on the island. The conch was blown as a signal to let the other lost boys know where they were, which refers to Maslows need of safety because this would not have been done if the kids did n ot feel safe. If Ralph and Piggy felt that they were safe and protected, they would have kept quiet and to themselves and they would not have been found. Another centering the boys gained the need of safety is by building the huts on the beach as a form of protection which acted like ahouse, and definitely made the young and more immature boys feel much more secure.Even though many jobs were completed to secure the boys safety, many of the little boys still felt unsafe, this resulted in a huge dilemma. One night during an assembly one of the boys told the story about how he saw a beast in the forest. Many of the younger boys are having nightmares about this story, and are watching their backs while in the forests. On page 36, Ralph says, But there isnt a beastie, repeatedly barely his attempts to abrogate the trepidation and caution within the littluns proved to be futile. Since almost all of the young boys were always afraid of a beast or a monster, their need of safety was neer achieved, they were unable to reach other needs higher on Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, so their lives on the island were incomplete, and they all lived in fear and anxiety.The third necessity of Maslows theory is the need of love and belongingness, or the acceptance of others and the need to be needed. Due to Piggys past of being ridiculed and mocked in his old school, his first impulse was to try and make sponsors and be accepted early on in the novel. As soon as Piggy ran into Ralph he asked him his name and tried to become fri finales with him. Ralph says to Piggy, Get my clothes, on page 14, which shows that Piggy is willing to be a servant to make a friend or acquaintance. It seems that Piggy had already fulfilled the first two needs, and now he wants to fit in with Ralph.Another example is when Ralph blew the conch all of the other kids came and they had a meeting. Signs of life were now visible on the beach. The sand, trembling beneath the heat haze, concealed many figur es in its miles of length boys were making their way toward the platform with the hot, dumb sand. (18) All of the boys came to the meeting and participated in the meeting, which showed that they all wanted to belong. If they did not want to belong, they would have stayed off by themselves or not have conjugated in on the meeting. All of the main characters achieved this need, although Jack was unhappy with his role in the group and was trying to find ways of gaining more respect throughout the novel.The fourth need of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs is esteem, which is the mastery of a task and also receiving attention and recognition from others, or the need for power. A heyday example of this need being fulfilled is whenJack forms his own tribe and made him self the leader not only because he was power hungry, but because he could not stand the fact the Ralph was chosen chief and was getting all the attention. Jack also found something that he was skilled at. His skill was hunting. Jack used his skill and found it valuable to win over the other kids on the island to assemble a new group and make him the leader of it. after some time and much conflict Jack had every person on the island under his command or killed them. The only exception to this was Ralph who scarcely evaded a similar fate.Piggy never achieves the goal of esteem because he is not appreciated for his intellect and wisdom which he offers the boys in times of need. Since Piggy never exceeded this need, his personality suffered and he has a very weak personality, and was easily bullied and pushed around. Simon, another main character, never achieved the need of esteem. Many of the boys thought Simon was unusual and secretive, and he is forever and a day ridiculed quietly, usually behind his back. For example, on page 74, Ralph stirred uneasily. Simon sitting between the two twins and Piggy, wiped his mouth and shoved his piece of meat over the rocks to Piggy, who grabbed it. The twins giggled and Simon bring down his head in shame. This passage shows that even when Simon was doing good deeds he was not congratulated and did not receive recognition for many of his unselfish actions. Neither Simon nor Piggy ever achieved the need for esteem, and coincidentally, they were also outcasts and were the only two boys murdered on the island.The fifth and final need is the need for self-actualization, which is, the desire to become more and more what one is, to become everything that is capable of becoming. Self-actualization did not directly occur within the boys on the island, but Ralph seemed to become very close. Ralph looked at him dumbly. For a moment he had a fleeting picture of the strange glamour that had once invested the beaches. But the island was scorched up like dead wood-Simon was dead-and Jack had. The tears began to flow and sobs agitate him. He gave himself up to them now for the first time on the island great shuddering spasms of grief that seemed to wrench his w hole body. His voice rose under the barren smoke before the burning wreckage if the island and infected by that emotion, the other little boys began to shake and sob too.And in the middle of them, with filthy body, matted hair, unwiped nose,Ralph wept fir the end of innocence, the darkness of a mans heart, and the fall through the air of the reliable, wise friend called piggy. (202) This significant passage shows Ralph breaking down and showing his true emotions and what he feels inside. Ralph realizes he had the power to make the boys stay on the island a much less violent and much more enjoyable, but he did not use his power correctly and he was overturned, which lead to the death of two innocent children. This is a type of self-actualization because Ralph realized what he could have been, said, and done. Ralph realized that he did not fulfill his unique potential and could have been all he could be on the island but did not take advantage of this opportunity.Maslows Hierarchy o f Needs best demonstrates what occurred on the island in Lord of the Flies. It also proves why many of the acted the way they did. In Lord of the Flies, chaos and violence was extremely germane(predicate) within the group of boys not only because of differing values and conflicting views, but also because many of the boys needs were being neglected during there stay on the island.

The Story of an Hour

The myth of an Hour Discuss three posers AND kinds sarcasm used in The tale of an Hour. open sure to have one example of verbal irony, one of situational irony, and one of dramatic irony. One example of verbal irony in A fabrication of an Hour is the last sentence in the story which says When the doctors came they said she had died of heart diseaseof joy that kills (DiYanni 41) This is verbal irony because it is written that she died of too much comfort to see her maintain, whom she thought was dead, alive.However, it was because she was incredibly bother to see him. One instance of situational irony in The Story of an Hour is when Mrs. M bothard learns of the finish of her husband. At first, she reacts as any person would at the news show of losing someone close to them by crying and isolating herself. However her real feelings about her husbands death are sh declare later when she thought to herself, thither would be no one to live for during those coming age she would live for herself (40) However this feeling of granting immunity did not last long.Towards the end of the story her husband appears at the door unharmed. She then cognise that she was not free from her unhappy marriage at all. Dramatic irony is also used in The Story of an Hour through Mrs. mallards realization that she is free from her husband and with her death. While Mrs. mallard was alone in her room she realized that she would no longer be keep to her husband but rather free to do whatever she should choose.However, no one else in the story knew this they all believed that she was very sad and depressed. Josephine, a charwoman in the house, even thought Mrs. Mallard was making herself sick. She said, I beg open the dooryou will constitute yourself ill (40) However, Mrs. Mallard was doing quite the blow by drinking in a very elixir of life through that open window (40).The Story of an HourThe possibilities of independence for women were unlikely for women living in the l ate nineteenth century. Women were confined and overpowered by men. Kate Chopin, a women of the late nineteenth century herself, was a generator living within such a society. In The Story of an Hour (1894), Kate Chopin uses elements of settingswindows and doorin order to highlight the possibilities of freedom and the threat of exertion for women in late nineteenth century American society.Chopin uses figurative language of symbols and resourcefulness to conflate the possibility of freedom with the physical setting outside the window. Chopin uses the open window as a symbol to give notice freedom She juxtaposes the comfortable, roomy armchair with the window to demonstrate Mrs. Mallards feelings of freedom and comfortability within her own home now that her husband is dead. Mrs. Mallard looks out of her window into the endless opportunities she is now able to dream ofThere stood, facing the open window, a comfortable, roomy armchair(Chopin147).She uses the tops of the trees as sy mbolic tomography to describe how Mrs. Mallard is now feeling free. The spacial relation between Mrs. Mallard and the trees outside is used to suggest that freedom has become more concrete than before She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life (Chopin 147). Chopin uses taste imagery to suggest that Mrs. Mallard has become more aware of her own senses and perception of freedomThe delicious breath of rain was in the air(147).Chopin conflates the patches of morose skya symbol of hopeto emphasize the unbounded prospects Mrs. Mallard now has facing her. Color imagery is used to suggest positive emotion There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled one above the other in the west facing her window (Chopin 148). Chopin uses onomatopoeiatwittering sparrowsto evoke new life. The spatial relation between Mrs. Mallard and the eaves suggests she is closer to freedom and the outside world.Countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves (Chopin 148). The conflation of symbols and imagery with the possibility of freedom suggests Mrs. Mallard is beginning to feel item-by-item as a women in the late nineteenth century. The possibilities of freedom are becoming more of a reality for Mrs. Mallard. Chopin conflates the spatial relation between Mrs. Mallard and the outside world with sensory imagery to make the possibilities of freedom concrete.Chopin conflates the spatial imagery something coming at her between Mrs. Mallard and theunknown to suggest that freedom is something new to her There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully(148). Chopin uses animal imagerycreeping to suggest that freedom, once distant, has now become concrete and close. Sense imagery is used to portray new life She felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air (Chopin 148).Chopin uses th e color of Mrs. Mallards white work force as imagery to conflate and compare with heaven the unknown. She was striving to beat it back with her willas powerless as her two white polished hands would have been(148). The reality that Mrs. Mallard is beginning to feel freedom is something she would have never of dreamed for herself as a women living in her time.Chopin begins to hold the temporal setting by conflating the past and the present. Chopin is able to manipulate the temporal setting, symbolically, by foreshadowing the future. She conflates the present, new life and freedom, with the future, death She knew that she would weep again when she motto the, kind tender hands folded in death the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead(Chopin 148). Again, Chopin manipulates the temporal setting by conflating the present, a bitter moment, with Mrs. Mallards future freedom But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come tha t would belong to her absolutely(148).Chopin juxtaposes the open window with magical medicine, an elixir to portray the remedial feeling of freedom Mrs. Mallard isexperiencingShe was drinking in a very elixir of life through that open window (Chopin 149). Chopin manipulates the temporal setting of the present to suggest a positive future for Mrs. Mallard overflow days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own (Chopin 149). Chopin conflates Mrs. Mallards past feelings of infinite confinement, with her present feelings of everlasting freedom suggesting there may be a long lived future for Mrs. Mallard. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a move reflexively that life might be long(148). The manipulation of time allows Chopin to takes us into the future where endless possibilities await.Chopin conflates the physical settingdoorswith the possibility of freedom and confinement. Chopin uses the locked door as a metaphor to show that Mrs. Mallard is now in control, something that hasnt happened before Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the key-hold imploring admission(149). Chopin juxtaposes the estimate that Mrs. Mallard was confined and ill before she was in control of her own confinement with the idea she is getting better at last with newfound freedom Louise, open the door I beg open the dooryou will make yourself ill(149).Chopin conflates Mrs. Mallard standing up with the action of opening her own door to demonstrate how the possibility of freedom has given her a newfound confidence She arose at length and opened the door to her sisters importunities(149). As the door is opened by a man, Chopin uses thelatchkey as a symbol of confinement to suggest that there is still an inequality between men and women several(prenominal) one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who had entered(149). Chopin has brought the reality of confin ement and inequality back to life as Mrs. Mallard dies as a women in the late nineteenth century locked in her house.In The Story of an Hour (1894), Kate Chopin uses elements of settingswindows and doorin order to highlight the possibilities of freedom and the threat of confinement for women in late nineteenth century American society. The possibilities of freedom for women were unlikely for women living in the late nineteenth century as women were confined and overpowered by men.The Story of an HourThe Story of an Hour Discuss three examples AND kinds irony used in The Story of an Hour. Make sure to have one example of verbal irony, one of situational irony, and one of dramatic irony. One example of verbal irony in A Story of an Hour is the last sentence in the story which says When the doctors came they said she had died of heart diseaseof joy that kills (DiYanni 41) This is verbal irony because it is written that she died of too much happiness to see her husband, whom she though t was dead, alive.However, it was because she was incredibly distressed to see him. One instance of situational irony in The Story of an Hour is when Mrs. Mallard learns of the death of her husband. At first, she reacts as any person would at the news of losing someone close to them by crying and isolating herself. However her real feelings about her husbands death are shown later when she thought to herself, There would be no one to live for during those coming years she would live for herself (40) However this feeling of freedom did not last long.Towards the end of the story her husband appears at the door unharmed. She then realized that she was not free from her unhappy marriage at all. Dramatic irony is also used in The Story of an Hour through Mrs. Mallards realization that she is free from her husband and with her death. While Mrs. Mallard was alone in her room she realized that she would no longer be bound to her husband but rather free to do whatever she should choose.Howev er, no one else in the story knew this they all believed that she was very sad and depressed. Josephine, a woman in the house, even thought Mrs. Mallard was making herself sick. She said, I beg open the dooryou will make yourself ill (40) However, Mrs. Mallard was doing quite the opposite by drinking in a very elixir of life through that open window (40).

Pizza palace’s restaurant Essay

Backing storage comes in various forms for example conjure disks and floppy disks. Backing storage is a portable and convenient way of saving tuition. To reduce the risk of data detriment it is wise to save entropy on the computers hard drive and make a copy onto a disk or another type of documentation storage for insurance purposes. Types of plump for storage Floppy disks The most common storage device available, these provide extremely cheap storage and have a capacity of 1. 5 Mb. abbreviate Disk (CD-ROM) These have been utilise for some years as storage devices for computer software.It only accesses information which is already stored on it and is able to store 650 Mb of information. Zip Drives A storage device that has become popular over the last few years because it offers the convenience and portability of a floppy disk, combined with a 100 Mb capacity. CD-R and CD-RWThe difference being that CD-R disks open fire only have data saved to them once, While CD-RW can be u sed in the same manner as other storage devices having data saved to them on a re-usable basis. DVD (digital versatile disc) using the same grassroots principles as the CD, DVD packs the data more densely and can store 4.7Gb compared with the CDs 650Mg, can hold 133 minutes of video, with Dolby surround sound. Data pens A new-fangled storage device that plugs into the computers USP drive. These are pocket-size and compact and have a capacity of 80Mb. Magnetic Tape Convenient and cheap medium for backing up hard disks onto computers. Mostly used for mainframe computers for storing information for a long duration. Magnetic tapes will not be suitable for a small company desire Craven Plc. Data Protection Craven Plc must comply with the data protection act in order to hold ain information of customers.The data protection act works in two ways. It gives you certain rights. It too says those who record and use personal information must be open about how the information is used and m ust follow the eight principles for good handling. The eight principles were put in place to make sure that your information is handled properly. They say that data must be 1. Fairly and lawfully processed. 2. Processed for limited purposes. 3. Adequate, relevant and not excessive. 4. Accurate. 5. Not kept for longer than is necessary. 6. Processed in line with your rights. 7. Secure, and 8.Not transferred to countries without adequate protection. Micro computers Micro computers include personal computers and laptop computers, they are usually equipped with hard disk, floppy disk drive, amongst 1 and 32 megabytes of memory, a keyboard and a VDU unit. Microcomputers will be suitable to fulfil the needs of Craven Plc. Mainframe Computers These are large systems that can hold vast amounts of data. Mainframe computers occupy a whole floor of a fair sized building. These powerful mainframe computers are present in very large companies storing huge amounts of data on to disk.Mainframe co mputers cost tens of thousands of pounds, therefore they are not suitable for a small business like Craven Plc. File Server This is a specially configured microcomputer to control the exchange of files between network users. A file server also has more memory and disk storage than normal microcomputers. These classifications of computers are usually based on physical size, speed, processing capabilities, memory size, disc storage, capacities and cost. Direct and back-to-back Access Direct access devices can go directly to the file or record. For example a CD can go directly to master number 10.Sequential access devices have to run through the file sequentially, for instance, if we want track 10 on a cassette, The cassette moves from the beginning from track 1 to 9 until it comes to track 10. 4) Proposed purchases and prices of equipment 2x Sony Intel 2. 6GHZ DVD CDRW Laptop 256Mb RAM, 40Gb Hard Drive DVD/CDRW Drive 15 inch TPT screen i 899 each = i 1798 4x Packard cost 6111 Intel Pentium 42. 8GHZ processor and 15 TFT monitor Intel P4 2. 8 GHz processor * 512 Mb RAM 160 GHb Hard Drive i 1199 each =i 4796 4x PacKard Bell 5050 and Xp2600+ PC and 17 CRT monitor Athlon Xp 2600 & processor 256Mb RAM.60 Gb hard Drive i 549 each =i 2196 4x Hewlet Packard DJ 9300 A3 scope printer i 279 each =i 1116 3x Hewlet Packard scanner i 99 each =i 396 Network- Windows 2000 professional i 3449 Web Designer Approx 3000to4000 Training be i 2000 Specialist soft ware Sage Accounts i 2000 Web Train Video Conferencing i 1000 Total cost i 22751 5) Proposed method of change over from manual to the new computerised systems Before the change over can homecoming place an extensive training programme needs to take place. This may take several months to train the current workforce in the correct operating procedures of the new system.To ensure information will not be lost in transition the old manual method needs to be in place for the first 2 months along side the new computerised sys tem. In the unlikely case of system collapse information and data will still be on hand. This change over will inevitably endure a small cost of training and staff development. 6) Procedure to transfer the payroll from the old to the new system Payroll is something Craven Plc cannot throw to get wrong. Therefore manual systems need to be in place for 3-4 months along side the new computerised sage accounts system. This will again ensure against loss of data.

Bend It Like Beckham Essay

What is the settle of the beginning of your class carry? How has the director utilizationd assume techniques in this part of the buck to achieve this purpose? Film techniques ar used by picture palace directors to establish understanding of both the characters in the film, as substantially as the general plot. In the film Bend It Like Beckham, directed by Gurinder Chadha, the purposes of the film are introduced and established done the use of a wide range of film techniques.Such purposes which are highlighted especially in the first few minutes of the film include the issue of stereotypes, the passion of an individual to succeed, differences in ethnical beliefs and values as well as the establishment of different and unique characters in which audiences are able to relate to. These are all highlighted through the use of techniques much(prenominal) as contrast, voice-over, montage, as well as many other film techniques.Costuming is an important technique used by the composer to highlight the main purpose of the beginning of the film, which is to draw circumspection to the issue of certain stereotypes in gender roles as perceived by society. This is stressd in the beginning of the film through the contrast in the costuming of the 2 sisters, Jesminder and Pinky Bhamra. From the costuming itself, it can be seen that the personality of both sisters are drastically different Pinky seems to be the stereotypical traditional girl, wearing stylish street wear as she goes come out to shopping, while Jesminder wears track pants and sportwear.Such contrast in costuming for the two characters highlights Pinkys femininity and Jesminders overleap of femininity. It withal further emphasise that Jesminder is very different from the common society stereotype of female, which in turn lead into her passion for soccer that sets her apart from her cultural and gender expectations. It can therefore be seen that although it is only the beginning of the film, the use of costuming as a technique has established the main purpose of the film to the audience, that is convey the attention of social stereotypes thrust upon females in society today.Another key technique that is used by the director of the film to convey the main al-Qaida of the film is the use of montage and voice-over. Jesminders passion for soccer is highlighted through the use of montage at the start of the film. This is used in the dream sequence, in which Jesminder pretended that she was part of the professional English soccer team, Manchester United, in which her idol David Beckham is part of. This dream sequence highlights her dreams to be a rofessional soccer player, which defies her cultural as well as societys expectations as soccer is generally deemed to be a male sport due to much of the sport cosmos dominated by male players.Voice-over is also used in the dream sequence shooting and like the montage technique, the voice-over dialogue also introduce and emphasises Jesmind ers passion for soccer. This is especially evident in the scene dialogue and there is BhamraIts a goal by Jess Bhamra as it further displays her passion and dreams to be a professional soccer player, like David Beckham. Through these two techniques of montage and voice-over, the director successfully conveys the main theme of the film to the audience, which is, Jesminder breaking social barriers and stereotypes to copy her dreams to be a professional soccer player. Music and set design in the film are also employed as techniques by the composer of the film to highlight the difference in culture, as well as characters.This is especially demonstrated through the use of traditional Indian music played at the Bhamras household emphasising that they are not only religious, but still stick by their cultural beliefs from their homeland, despite being in a irrelevant country. Through the use of music, it can be easily seen that there is a significant difference in Indian culture, compared to Western culture in England. The use of set design in the film is also used as a technique to highlight the differences in personalities of the characters.This is especially seen in the character of Jesminder, where her bedchamber is shown to flip large posters of her soccer idol David Beckham. This further emphasises how she is completely different from how society deems a female should be. Characterisation is established in the opening scene of the film through the use of costuming as a film technique. This is evident during the first few minutes where the two protagonists, Jesminder and Juliette are introduced to the audience as teenagers well-off for their dream as a professional football player, despite conflicts and disapproval from their family.In this scene, it can be seen that costuming is used by the director to further emphasise how the two girls are different from their family and the societys expectations through sporty and masculine clothes worn by both Jesminder and Juliette. Their differences show that they are stepping out from what the society and their family believe, to pursue their dream as professional soccer players, a role which is stereotypically associated with males. The contrast of costuming between Jesminder andJuliette, and the rest of the female cast in the film further draws the attention towards their masculinity, as well as the traditional and stereotypical aspect of the female casts. This can be seen especially through Jesminders give who wears traditional feminine clothes, highlighting her social background as well as her femininity. Through the use of costuming and contrast as film techniques, the director of the film clearly establish and differentiate each of the characters, particularly the protagonists, which further aids the understanding of the plot for the audience later in the film.It can be seen that through the various use of film techniques by the composer of the film, the purpose of the film is effectivel y established. Such purpose of the film include bringing attention to the issue of stereotypes in both culture and gender, the passion for soccer, difference in cultural values and the establishment of unique characters. These purposes are all conveyed through the use of different techniques such as costuming, set design, voice-over, contrast and montage to further create meaning in the audiences minds.It also further emphasises the main purpose for the mental hospital of the film, which was to both entertain and to draw the attention towards current social expectations and barriers in which females primarily face, as well as how culture can still have a huge impact on an individual, even though they are in a foreign place. Through the different use of techniques, audiences are also able to relate to the characters effectively, thus allowing the director to convey her purpose for creating the film.

Questions and Answers on Psychological Health

according to Adler, both psychological health and neurosis starts from feelings of Inferiority with the final goal of superiority. In the development path to psychological health, unrivalled strives for perfection or completion In accordance to social Interest. They strive to become better bulk while cooperating with others. In contrast, the path to neurosis Is when genius acts In his or her own personal superiority.They see people as enemies or obstacles stand In the way of their goal. This Is the destructive path that leads to neurosis. Adler believes that robust people strive for perfection/ completion and the only way towards that Is cooperating with others so we all can benefit. 2. What is social interest and how Is It related to psychologically healthy development? Adler defined social interest as a striving for a form of community which must be thought of as everlasting, as it could be though of if mankind had reached the goal of perfection. In other words, he believed t hat all human beings an inborn instinct to live in unanimity with others to create a more(prenominal) perfect baseball club. Adler believed that to see this come alive, we must be on a constructive path to psychological health. As previously enounced, psychological health involves cooperation with society by helping each other grow into more perfect or complete individuals. 3. What atomic number 18 the four major sprightlinessstyles or personality types, and what are the differences between them? The four major lifestyles/personality types are ruling/ dominant, getting/leaning, avoidance, and socially expedient.The ruling/dominant type was probably neglected during their early stages of life and as an adult evinces intense defense mechanisms to protect their self-image. The getting/leaning type was typically spoiled by their mother and as an adult show high level of aggression. The avoidance type was typically looked down by their mother and showed no support for their goals . These types of people grow up to be socially distant with an Inferiority complex. The socially useful personality will have a high social interest In living in harmony with others.This is the only non-faulty personality type. 4. Based on research, what are some arguments showing that a persons order of birth does have an impact on his/her development? upstart research show that first born are more promising to be national merit scholarship winners, college graduates, graduate students, university faculty, scientists, and US Senators, US Representatives, and state governors. In addition, they are more likely to have type A personalities. Only children are similar to first born except for that they are more sociable and cooperative.The youngest children are more likely to be pampered by their parents, which leads to a quick gratification pattern. Questions and Answers on Psychological Health By Ernestine 2345 1 . What is a developmental path to psychological health? To neurosis? I nferiority with the final goal of superiority. In the development path to psychological health, one strives for perfection or completion in accordance to social interest. They neurosis is when one acts in his or her own personal superiority. They see people as enemies or obstacles standing in the way of their goal.This is the destructive path completion and the only way towards that is cooperating with others so we all can benefit. 2. What is social interest and how is it related to psychologically healthy differences between them? The four major lifestyles/personality types are ruling/ for their goals. These types of people grow up to be socially distant with an inferiority complex. The socially useful personality will have a high social interest in living in and state governors. In addition, they are more likely to have type A personalities.

Close Up Brand Analysis

BA 170 midterm exam Paper Never settle for second best. And yet, since its inception in the Philippine market place place, second place has been pixilated Ups niche. Though the stain has indeed been successful in differentiating its use and targets from the irreplaceable result unity, the dream to finally land the gold continues to linger. Overview of the Brand mean Up was launched by Unilever in 1967 as the first gel toothpaste in the world. The products unique structure made it easy to market it as a new and diverse product, all other brands having manufactured the same opaque clear consistency toothpaste normally has.Furthermore, the brand made sure to put the blue ocean strategy to their advantage. bit competitors were going the more medical approach, conclusion Up branded itself as the more relatable brand to the young. Currently, Close Up has eight variants out in the market. All their lines are made to function as the odoriferous breath maker, promising consumers long-lasting fresh breath. The variants mostly just differ in step apart from the Close Up Milk Calcium, which adds the teeth strengthening function to their product. Company Vision Close Up envisions itself as the reckon one toothpaste brand for the youth.Their goal is to get young adults to feel how much the brand can help them achieve fresh breath, which, in turn, can boost their federal agency to flavor their everyday challenges. Close Ups goal is to be the youths first alternative when it comes to toothpaste brands. The Close Up Mission In line with the company vision is their mission to give the youth that confidence to make the moment happen. Much of Close Ups brand identity revolves just about the concept of the moment, which they define as that special instant of interaction between two or more individuals.It may be as simple as asking someone to be their attend to the high(prenominal) school prom or as big as saying I venerate you to their special someone for th e first time. Close Up makes sure to be the factor that pushes the consumers insecurities deflection in order for them to be confident enough to pursue that perfect moment. Target Market The brand associates itself with Filipinos aged 18-24 who are both sociable and optimistic. These young adults need that confidence to get up scrawny and personal with others and believe that clean teeth and fresh breath are important for social confidence and intimacy.Market Analysis The Toothpaste Market Based on Datamonitor, the toothpaste market in the Philippines has increased at a raise annual growth rate of 3. 3% between 2004 and 2009, with Colgate leading the pack with a share of 51. 7%. But after two decades of continuous growth, the toothpaste industry saw a decline in market usage causing most companies to cut prices. Currently, Close Up stands as the industrys number two with a market share of approximately 20%. What are the factors that affect toothpaste natural selection in the ma rket?A journal published by Ben Paul Gutierrez shows that there are thirteen attributes consumers tone for when selecting their toothpaste. These include variables such as the ability to clean teeth properly, ability to give smooth and white teeth, ability to prevent cavities and the approval of dentists. (insert table of complete list here). Furthermore, the research shows the characteristics of the decision maker (ultimately, the one who chooses and purchases the product) and connects them to two behaviors, namely transmutation and involvement.Switching refers to the consumers brand loyalty whereas involvement refers to the buying behavior. (show table of high involvement/low involvement) Close Up and Colgate are both able to achieve high switching and brand involvement, which are expected of brand which have high market shares. Close Ups Position In terms of age, Close Up has been consistent in marketing itself to the young adults. role A shows the family relationship between price and age and proves that Close Up is unique in its choice of age segment. This is particularly evident in their advertising, which will be discussed further in this text. insert perceptual map a) Looking at functional benefit (Map B), however, we see that Close Up lags behind Colgate, who has, all over the years, developed more and more products to address different oral needs. This is as well as because Close Up has endlessly focused on producing toothpaste with the same functional benefits, a few outliers aside. Though this is good for brand reinforcement, meaning that consumers quickly associate the same need to the brand, this may be a factor as to why the brand has stayed a challenger. insert perceptual map b) On the other hand, Map C illustrates the relationship of price and size. Here, Close Up is generally positioned in between two markets, with Colgate at Sensodyne being the higher priced brand (MORE ANALYSIS HERE) Lastly, Map D shows the relationship between pric e and functional benefits, which may also be interpreted as the consumers value for money. (insert perceptual map c) (insert more analysis) generally -toothpaste market, positioning, pricing, market behavior, segmentation breakthrough Consumer Insight -target market, trends, insight Current strategies Recommendations

Critically review the situation at RestaurantCo Essay

This essay analyses the outcome of RestaurantCo, a large non-unionised eating house company with over 300 fall apartes across the UK, and to a greater extent than 7000 employed mental faculty members (Suter & Marchington 2011). According to Brad and Gold (2012, p.401) the term non-unionised is a workplace, where managers have flexibility in designing work, selecting, promotion and training people, and determining rewards and other human resources (HR) practices. As briefly defined managers carry out more duties and responsibilities for the business. In articulate to have a better consciousness of the role of line managers and employee transaction at RestaurantCo it would be necessary to explore and abbreviation the strengths and weaknesses of the company.To be more specific, this essay will explore and outline the main strengths and weaknesses in the working style of divide managers and the morphologic centralisation within the organisation, the excogitateal and cosy e mployee involvement and participation (EIP) practices, the working consanguinitys between front line managers and employees, and the competitive effectiveness of the organisational HRM system and efficiency framework for section managers. This case study of RestaurantCo focuses on the organisational problems that stems from the centralisation of corporate last making and monitoring. The company regarded itself as a high quality restaurant business with a strong focus on positive employee relations hence reflected in their history of in ceremonious employment relations approach (Suter & Marchington 2011).However, since the dislodge in ownership the company had to implement refreshful business strategies and HR practices as well as make further enhancements to the restaurant environment. For instance, the changes in the restaurant environment included refurbishments, expanded food and drinks menus, and monetary value savings by integrating the supply chain with otherrestaurants owned by the group (Suter & Marchington 2011). Consequently, whatsoever(prenominal) of these changes were seen as quite extensive and problematic for restaurant managers. For instance, some of these organisational changes were somewhat inefficient and costly in terms of deliveries and that mistakes were frequently made in the modulate and supply of ingredients (Suter & Marchington 2011). Managers were no longer able to order directly from suppliers but instead were instructed to direct their orders through the supply chain department, whose understand of the needs of mortal tree branches were seen as limited (Suter & Marchington 2011).There were overly additional changes in improving customer ser immorality such(prenominal) as the introduction to the Mystery Customer initiative (Suter & Marchington 2011, p.213). This program initiative was seen as a form of corporate centralised monitoring and adjudge of service, which somewhat contradicts the supposed accustomed famili arity to branch managers. This demonstrates aged trouble doubt in its branch managers abilities to meet or fulfil their duties and responsibilities. This form of control violates the psychological wither between the branch managers and employers which is also known as a devil-way exchanged of comprehend promises and obligations between employees and their employer (Bratton & Gold, 2012, p. 12). In this case, sr. instruction had infringed on the trust between its branch managers by having a centralised monitoring system in placed to gather customer reading and business consummation, thus in period of play violating their psychological contract (Suter & Marchington 2011).Consequently, creating a prohibit low-trust and low-commitment relationship compared to a high-trust and high-commitment participatory relationship between elder way and branch managers (Bratton & Gold, 2012, p. 160). Nevertheless, control is seen as somewhat necessary by senior steering, but too much c ontrol might be counter fruitful (Dant & Nasr, 1998, p. 7). Hence, excessive levels of control should be carefully considered as it will impact on business performance levels (Dant & Nasr, 1998, p. 7). As stated in Dant and Nasr (1998, p.7) plastered control is generally not perceived well by managers who are driven by a strong desire for independence and autonomy, they whitethorn withheld authentic and helpful training from senior management or employers in order to preserve some indirect form of control as they might believe that their input would not be valued or validated. In thisparticular case, tight control would take aimliner to less cooperation between branch managers and senior management.Furthermore, feedback from mystery customers to senior management may not be as useful or informative compared to the managers vast degree of knowledge and have a go at it regarding its local business restaurant market environment and business performance levels. Rather than just ho nour performance related bonus to managers who receive an boilersuit satisfactory rating from mystery customers there should also be incentives or reward schemes in placed for managers who actually provide authentic and helpful information to senior management (Michael, 2002, p. 329). This sort of privileged information could further enhance the organisations productivity and performance. For instance, the organisation would have a greater competitive advantage through new strategic opportunities and sentiency of new threats as mentioned by its branch managers (Michael, 2002, p. 329).This upward flow of information decentralises the tight monitoring and control of senior management but more in-chief(postnominal)ly strengthens the communication, commitment, trust and employee relations between senior management and its branch managers through reciprocal cooperation and reward schemes (Michael, 2002, p. 329). It is crucial in service industries that branch managers be given more au tonomy to make operating(a) decisions as their understanding of the business environment surrounding their individual branches is relatively more extensive compare to senior management and management support, who have limited understanding of the business environment. This process is referred to as decentralisation (Dant & Nasr, 1998). According to Suter and Marchington (2011), individually restaurant establishment was usually digest by a branch manager and two assistants.The role of supervisory responsibilities was shared out between the branch manager and assistant manager due to the long operating hours and the shift system, hence, the manager on duty would take on the role of supervising employees (Suter & Marchington 2011). The manager on duty dealt primarily with problems and issues in regards to employees, and that wider issues were charge to the branch manager. The branch managers in addition carried out a number of HR functions such as employment appraisals, pay review s, and personal development plans (Suter & Marchington 2011). These branch managers had described their work as being more intensified and that the HR policies had become more sophisticated andformalised (Suter & Marchington 2011). Branch managers were supposedly allowed a uncontaminating degree of autonomy in how they could manage the restaurant.A come upon element of the capability framework enabled branch managers to take charge of their own delivery and performance. However, managers experienced great difficulty in making operational decisions regarding their restaurant. Some of the reasons were due to the fact that the management support team were not always readily purchasable to branch managers but also that company-wide operational decisions were being implemented at branch levels, in turn conflicting with branch managers operational decisions (Suter & Marchington 2011). Branch managers should be provided with support throughout the restaurant operational hours from the m anagement support office except, the restaurant support team operates on a 9-5 office-based workplace arrangement (Suter & Marchington 2011). This would lead to signifi quite a diminishedt problems when the restaurant requires assistance after the support office ends operation, therefore ca development an inconvenience when decision and support is needed.It might also affect the organisations reputation if issues are not immediately resolved. Without proper support and facilitation from the support management team, branch managers are unable to perform their role efficiently. on a lower floor the influence of senior management, branch managers were pressured into implementing formal relationship practices with their employees (Suter & Marchington 2011). However, one of the core components of a psychological contract is workplace communication which will generally help to minimize the false consensus effect, meaning that people drive that they share the same perceptions (Bratton & Gold, 2012, p. 433). For instance, branch managers perceived the restaurant and its employment relations as slack whereas head office had expressed the need for more professional management and more importantly had over-rated the formality of insurance policy implementation at branch level (Suter & Marchington 2011).Notably, communication is a signifi terminatet component of a psychological contrast as it is quite evident that branch managers and senior management had conflicting views on how the restaurant business needed to be operated. Alternatively, It would be beneficial for senior management and branch managers to effectively progress their views across to one another in order to minimize the false consensus effect (Bratton & Gold, 2012, p. 433). Again, to ensure that this can actually happen, senior managementwould need to be more readily available to branch managers and vice versa in order to strengthen the psychological contract between them. According to the branch ma nagers the organisational change brought near more job responsibilities, intensified workload and more expectations from senior management (Suter & Marchington 2011).Whilst handling their supervisory responsibilities, the solar dayto-day HR functions and operational responsibilities such as ordering and control of stock/supplies, forecasting labour budgets and selling initiatives were devolved into the roles of branch managers (Suter & Marchington 2011). This devolvement of HR functions into the role of branch managers goes beyond the parameters of what is required of branch managers. Despite this, senior management have not provided their branch manager with further additional training in their new responsibilities and duties neither has it been outlined in their legal binding contract. Even though the assistant managers and branch managers shared the same responsibilities of supervising the employees, employees still reported directly to the branch managers (Suter & Marchington 2011).Instead of sharing this supervisory state of employees, it would be more efficient and productive to delegate this responsibility to the assistant manager so that branch managers can focus more on the operational responsibilities and HR functions. Another obstacle branch managers had identify was their inability to make operational decisions regarding the day-to-day running of the branch due to the lack of coordination or quislingism in the senior management company-wide operational decision-making process (Suter & Marchington 2011). This in effect reinforces senior management distrust in its branch managers ability to fulfil their role and therefore, causing resentment and animosity towards senior management from its branch managers. According to Dant and Gundlach (1998, p.37) excessive controls aimed at monitoring employees can be costly as it can generate motivational and morale problems among employees.It is important from a management perspective to balance the forces of dependence and autonomy within the business in order to maintain the long run viability of the business organisation (Dant & Gundlach, 1998, p. 37). In terms of achieving overall effectiveness senior management need to contribute to a more productive relationship between branch managers and employees in their organisation. Another important aspect to consider isthat the company and branch units have contrasting economic and managerial characteristics (Bradach, 1997, p. 276) whereby, the senior management of the company must(prenominal) meet two key management challenges maintaining accordance and system-wide adaptability (Bradach, 1997, p. 277). With reference to RestaurantCo, units in a chain share a cat valium identity by operating under the RestaurantCo trademark (Bradach, 1997, p. 277).There are five vestigial categories of consonance in an organisation and they are, the line manager, organisational systems, learning culture, role and responsibility and HR department and professionalism (Harrison, 2011, p. 921). In order to preserve the integrity and value, the company must enforce uniformity across these five underlying categories through bureaucratic control and standardisation (Bradach, 1997, p. 277). Furthermore, in order to ensure the sustainability of the company, it must be able to adapt to the opportunities and threats (Bradach, 1997, p. 282). In addition, senior managers must identify and implement system-wide adaptation processes and practices that will fit to some extent across all of the individual branches, except the main challenge of this is to ensure that all the branches endure in the same direction. The plural form model of management proposed by Bradach (1997) can be employ to effectively address the uniformity and system-wide adaptability problems.The plural form consists of four processes which are as followed modelling process, ratcheting process, socialisation process and mutual learning process (Bradach, 1997, p. 283). T hrough these processes the company can pursue greater uniformity and improve system-wide adaptation across the restaurant set up (Bradach, 1997, p. 283). The modelling process is foc utilize on the structural element of the management by increasing the use of common practices across the organisation and the restaurant bonds (Bradach, 1997, p. 283). The ratcheting process is part of the control system of management which enables both branch managers and senior managers to influence each other as well as increase the level of uniformity and performance of the chain overall (Bradach, 1997, p. 283).The socialisation process reflects the career path aspect of management, which essentially helps to create a shared understanding of what is required to operate a restaurant, thus will increase the uniformity across the chain (Bradach, 1997, p. 283). Lastly, the mutual learning process is also referred to as the strategy makingprocess, which focuses on improving the system-wide adaptability by providing performance data and demonstrating new ideas to help persuade branch managers to adopt the proposed system-wide adaptations (Bradach, 1997, p. 283). Overall the plural form is used to overcome some of the control problems associated with managing restaurant branches and maintaining uniformity across the chain (Bradach, 1997).Another important key issue highlighted from this case study is how formal and cosy employee involvement and participation (EIP) practices are implemented by management. According to the RestaurantCo capability framework which consisted of eight capabilities, four related specifically to informal EIP (Suter & Marchington 2011). EIP is influenced or mold by four dimensional factors which are, the two type of forms of EIP (formal and informal EIP), degree of involvement of the employees (ranged from very little to a considerable amount), different levels of EIP within the organisation (head office to branch level) and scope of subject subject fiel d (long term plans that are central to the organisation and short term issues regarding the restaurant) (Marchington & Kynighou, 2012, p. 3338). RestaurantCo depend heavily on their employees fundamental interaction with customers, for this reason it is noticeably best to implement informal EIP because their engagement with customers is instrumental to the organisational performance levels and profitability.By using informal EIP branch managers are able to gain employees affective commitment to the organisation (Rodrigues, 1994). Although, branch managers must take into consideration the contextual circumstances in relation to the restaurant and the four contingencies outlined above to assist in determining the appropriate EIP to implement for their given work situation (Rodrigues, 1994). More specifically, formal EIP was utilised in the larger and busier restaurant branches as branch managers had less time to involve employees informally and formal EIP was the most effective way of bringing staff members up to date with important information and news (Suter & Marchington 2011). On the other hand, informal EIP was utilised or practised more predominately in the small branch restaurants (Suter & Marchington 2011). However, effective co-existence of formal and informal EIP is essential for the organisations long term sustainability (Denton, 1994). informality at RestaurantCo is an effective instrument of recognising and managing employee voice (Denton, 1994). Therole of informality is to give employees an open channel for informal communications with managers, so that they can address their concerns and to give informative feedback on work related issues (Beattie, 2006). The invariant changeability and flexibility of the workplace environment, illustrates the need for informal day-to-day communications in comparison to authoritative formalised meetings with employees, which can be more costly and time consuming. Above all, the flexibility and diversity of o rganisational arrangements in the service industry reinforces the need for the implementation of informal EIP practices (Beattie, 2006). In summary, the RestaurantCo case study illustrated some important strengths and weaknesses in the HR management practices and organisational frameworks.Overall, several weaknesses were identified such as the need for informal relations between line managers and employees, the importance of decentralisation to enable cooperation and collaboration between branch managers and senior management through the plural form model. Furthermore, it was exemplified that there should be a co-existence and implementation of both formal and informal EIP in the workplace. Evidently, business performance levels can be improved by balancing the dependency and autonomy of branch managers, so that they can efficiently perform to their capabilities. In conclusion, this essay highlighted some positive and negative issues regarding operational responsibilities of senior management and branch managers.ReferencesBeattie, RS 2006, Line Managers and Workplace Learning Learning from the voluntary arena,Human Resource Developmental International, vol.9, no.1, pp. 99-119, viewed 2 Setptember 2013, Ebsco database. Bradach, JL 1997, Using the plural form in the management of restaurant chains, Administrativ.e Science Quarterly, vol.42, no.2, pp. 276-303 viewed 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Bratton, J & Gold, J 2012 Human Resource Management theory and practice, fifth edn, Palgrave Macmillan, London. Dant, RP & Gundlach, GT 1998, Dependence in Franchised Channels of Distribution, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 14, pp. 35-67 viewed on 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Dant, RP & Nasr, NI 1998, Control techniques and upward flow of information in franchising in distantmarketsconceptualisation and preliminary depict, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.13, pp. 3-28 viewed on 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Denton, DK 1994, Empowerment through Employ ee Involvement and Participation fordings Development and cookery Programs, Empowerment in Organisations An International Journal,vol. , no.2, pp. 22-28 viewed on 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Harrison, P 2011, Perspective on Practice Learning culture, line managers and HR professional practice,Journal of European Indutrial Training ,vol. 35, no.9, pp. 914-928 viewed on 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Marchington, M & Kynighou, A 2012, The dynamics of employee involvement and participation during turbulent times, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol.23, no.16, pp. 3336-3354 viewed on 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Michael, S C 2002, lowlife a franchise chain coordinate?, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.17, pp. 325-341 viewed on 2 September 2013, Ebsco database. Rodrigues, CA 1994, Employee Participation and Empowerment Programs Problems of definition and implementation,Empowerment in Organisations,vol. 2, no.2, pp. 29-40 viewed on 2 September 2 013, Ebsco database. Suter, J & Marchington, M 2011, The role of line managers and employee voice in the restaurant industry, in T Dundon and A Wilkinson (eds), baptistery studies in global management Strategy, innovation and people management, Tilde Press, pp. 212-220

Open Source Software Essay

Free and Open Source bundle has been around for quite some time. Free bundle has always been a controversy. This time someone is laborious to take a stance against it. More than just someone but a major software system company namely Microsoft. The whole issue is coming against software patents. Patents are thither to protect the bring about, occasion, and interchange of an contrivance but in this case would deal with software. Microsoft is not keen on the idea of software being readily available especially to stage businesses at little to no personify.In the business macrocosm this is unheard of. To let companies take control and create custom software with almost no cost is being attacked. Microsoft is quoted in a CNN Money condition Microsoft takes on the free world as saying, We exit in a world where we honor, and support the honoring of, intellectual property, They were quoted as calling this a intimacy of principle. I can understand principle and Im definitely n ot against making money. I recall that enough is enough. Free and Open Source Software is there to benefit the public.In suggesting that business owners need only buy licensed software or that business owners are only make to purchase said software is irrational. Putting aside costs, theoretically lets say there is a software developer that is hired by a company to create custom software. This company favors Linux alternatively than Windows not to say that Windows isnt a great operating system but to say that someone does not have the freedom to create is ridiculous. To limit this company because of some alleged patent laws is preposterous.Eben Moglen, old counsel to the Free Software universe and head of the Software Freedom Law Center, says that, software is a mathematical algorithm and, as such, not patentable. This statement is critical because of the seeming less attack on inventors and software developers. Software has always been improved and with the strict patent laws associated with Microsoft there is no inventing unless its specifically for Microsoft. There needs to be a line drawn and some slack given as to what is actually infringing on patents and what is hindering creativity and innovation.There are current lawsuits with Microsoft versus FOSS (Free and Open Source Software). This has been referred to as a cold war. One side saying they will sue if the early(a) continues to produce and the other saying that if you sue we will be forced to sue back. FOSS has always been under attack since it began. specifically attacked is Linux. In PCWorld Microsoft Vs. Open Source Now Its Political, Once you leave the shores of the U. S. the question would be not if but where is Linux being used in government, said Matthew Szulik, chief executive officer of Linux software nobleman Red Hat.The industry is in agreement that government use of open-source software particularly is maturation amongst popularity. As much as I would like this to mostly be ab st ep up freedom of invention and creativity the bottom line is that at the end of the day its all about money. No one sees the need to be forced to buy ongoing licensing to use software that most believe the costs are bonny unreasonable. Of course the government is not about spending. (Right? )As quoted in the article Microsoft Vs.Open Source, Price aside, government officials around the world are also looking for ways to adjoin use of local software and curb the export of IT funds to major U. S. companies. That is the case in a number of countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Money makes the world go round. The whole fear that Microsoft has is that it will hurt the pockets of Microsoft. Windows chill out powers roughly 9 out of 10 traditional backcloths, with the rest going to Mac and Linux. Linuxs misfortune to capture desktop share is disappointing to many, Zemlin admitted.But the good news is the traditional PC desktop is becoming less important, and areas where Linux is very strong in terms of client computing are becoming more important. as expressed in an article of Network Wold Bashing Microsoft like kicking a puppy, says Linux Foundation chief. We could argue that Microsoft is just some big heartless corporation that wants to make money. That is true they are and honestly if anyone expected them to respond in any way different was severely delusional.The act does need to be reformed to show exactly that which is crossing the line in creating software and tying the hands of developers. The regard surrounds the open source code that exists and who should have access to this code. From a business perspective giving out that information obviously would be detrimental to the success of the company. While Microsoft is currently the most dominant software in the business world I doubt that business would be ready to just make a leap to Open Source Software.In the technical world not everyone is a electronic computer geek. Microsoft still has the suppor t to help customers. The shift will take a while and to take deal a giant such as Microsoft is not impossible but not something that will materialize overnight. The large factor in this is the ignorance of other Operating Systems on a general knowledgebase. Companies and governments that choose to use this FOSS should have the choice. A need for a revision of patent rights and software development need attention.

Cause and Effects of Stress in Children Essay

Stress is a response to a factor or situation that negatively affects the physical, emotional, or psychological existence of a person. Stress is skinny in small quantities as it motivates a person making him/her more productive. However, too much evince is detrimental to a person. Stress can interfere with the general life of a person. Most mass assume that tense only affects adults. However, statistics indicate that focussing also affects children.Children face intense pressure from their environment. persisting stress in children is harmful to their activities, wellness, and development. There are a number of causes and effects of toxic stress in children. Stress can be caused by both negative and positive situations. Children living in abusive environments, both physical and emotional, experience stress. Arnold wrote that children who are bullied are in continuous state of depression. They, at that placefore, give over themselves from their colleagues. Parents who constan tly beat their children are also causes of stress. The fear that is manifested in children disorients them. They will not be equal to talk about what they feel to anybody moreover rather keep to themselves. stillts such as accidents, loss of love ones, and rejection are also causes of stress in children.Social change patterns in children cause many stressful situations. Children at puberty yearn for freedom. This creates tension between them and the parents, who are constantly monitoring and regulating their activities. In the same stage, children will constantly be in need of money. Lack of money causes stress in children as they are not always able to buy whatever they may need. They will compare themselves with other children who are in comfortable financial positions. Such children are always anxious and unhinged of where and how they will get money. Stress in children is not only caused by what happens in their own lives but also by what happens in their parents lives.The greatest effects of stress are experienced by the promontory. The brain controls all the stress mechanism in the body making it the primary stress organ. Johnson stated that the picture of childrens brain is causedby the fact that they are constantly growing and developing. Constant stress in children disrupts brain development and compromises its normal function. Research has indicated that children experiencing stress have smaller brains. Toxic stress impairs the linkup of brain circuits resulting in development of a smaller brain. Prolonged period of stress in children affects their awkward and immune system. Stress hormones are released when a child is exposed to stress. Cortisol hormones, which are released as a result of stress, suppress the body immune system. This leaves a person vulnerable to diseases and infections.Depression, alcoholism, eating disorders, and chronic diseases are also linked to childhood stress. Psychological effects of stress include changes in pers onality, aggressiveness, and irritability. Children on a lower floor stress are likely to experience frustrations and isolation from friends and family. They spend more time on their own and wish motivation. Children may also have difficulty in concentration thereby affecting their academic performance.Children under extreme stress exhibit change in behavior. They may be more disobedient, fight much, stutter, and address often.In conclusion, stress in children has many causes and effects. The notion that stress only affects adults is wrong. Too much stress, often referred to as toxic stress, is detrimental to the life of a child. Toxic stress affects the physical, emotional, psychological, and social aspects of a child. Even though every child reacts differently under stress, it is clear that stress affects the neural system and the health of a child. Children under stress tend to develop negative characteristics like irritability and disobedience. Research has indicated that th ere are number of causes of childhood stress which are interrelated. Social change patterns, abusive environment, and stress in parents are just some of the cause of childhood stress.

Counselling Skills

The routine of this essay is describing the focus practices that I did in my correct room. I n this reflective essay, I lead describe the style of focus that I intentd so far , the actions I had taken, the area of skills where I ready further onward motion, my perception approximately(predicate) the feedbacks from new(prenominal) students and faculty supervisor . By discussing this objet darticular regard in detail, I can scratch line to certified of the specific skills and technique which counsellor may use in different situation of the customer in order to boost the leaf node to take overbearing action by her or himself .As sectionalisation of community welfare curriculum, I need to determination paly 20 minutes of counsel session with my colleague. forward the final grapheme play I had make few days of practice sessions with my colleague. I was impersonateting feedback from rest of the classmates and teacher as they would be the observers of the steering sessions. I found the practice sessions challenging because my sensation was acting as leaf node. Even though I was playing the eccentric of counsellor, my mind was struggling to examine my friend as guest.Before embarking upon my aspect regarding counselling, I would like to contribute a brief exposition of about the leaf node. My client was 52years of old lady who was aspect after her 72 years of old buzz off. She (mother of the client) was despicable dementia. The client hast two kids who are studying. As she was running(a) seven days, she wasnt get time to air out her feeling to anyone. Actually she came to me with complaints of filter out. She was afraid to tell her mother she was contemplating treat home care.Basically I was in reality focuse on my micro skills rather than healthful skills as they plays pivotal role in counselling skills more than I belief. The micro skills such as empathy, questioning, minimal come ons, paraphrasing , summary, eye conta ct, body language, voice, structure, observation, listening and reflection of feeling could germinate the pathways to motivate the clients to ventilate his or her deeper feelings and more over could help the counsellor to bod up purposeful relationship with client. However I act to involve bit of cognitive doings therapy specifically downward arrow and questioning technique.As a counsellor my intention was to challenge her (client) about her irrational belief the mother would be overrule when I tell about the need of nursing care . I tried to confront the client with the reality of situation by supporting the client to imagine of probable consequences such as whats the worst that could happen if tell your mum about nursing home rehabilitation? And a wear from that used technique of universalization by describing similar change of experiences but it was not becoming for my client get enough courage to face her rationalize. I tried the untenanted chair concept which I was e xtracted from gestalt therapy (Patterson, 1986).The empty chair was failure, even though it nurtured the idea of ask the client how would to response to a friend of having the same scenario? That was the turning point as it brought shrewdness to the client that I was anticipating her mothers response and that was I worried more about rather than harassment connect to send mother to nursing home. alone the counselling sessions were challenging because it was actually hard to postulate the colleague as a client and more over I was unsure in the root system where to start, what I would ask, how in depth the session would be and so on.On the basis of the feedback that I got, in the first few days of the counselling role play I was uttering insufficient empathy as I was not acknowledging properly the scenario of the client. The posture wasnt frank enough because I was swinging on my chair. gibe to my point of view I need to ward off giving advice or tendency of giving solut ions as it violates the self-determination right of the client. The comments from my colleagues were very helpful as it helped me to stick in the main stream of counselling structure.In my counselling interventions, the tendency of asking more questions and collecting information (exactly same as eluding history taking) was not uncommon. The tendency might be because I had taken many case histories originally as part of social work studies. It was confuse rather than focusing on the clients issue. For instance once the client told about the need of rehabilitation for her mother, I was diverted from her (client) stress and started to thought process of certain strategies to deal her mothers issue (dementia) .Therefore I just need to train myself to focus on the client issue. Feedback has a very good role in improving the skills of the counsellor. It helps to specialize the area where improvement or modification is needed. For congressman I employed empathy but not enough to ack nowledge the feelings of the client. The suggestions from my mates demonstrated the way we express empathy towards clients feelings and also illustrated lots of pertinent questions which I could ask to the client.From the brief explanation of self-reflection of counselling skills, counselling mproves personal effectiveness (Narayana Rao, 2002). The counsellor aims to start about positive action on part of counselee and change the perception or understanding (irrational belief) by him or her shelf. The counsellor should be skilful in employing micro skills and the practical application of some shed light on of therapies from the counsellors could be helpful to provide self-direction to client or client. The feedbacks or comments from clients, colleagues, supervisors and other organizational staffs encounter improvement or development of skills among counsellors.The counsellors themselves learn from experiences. counseling education and training or role plays stress the need of c onsistent approach in price of counsellors experience, personality all reflects in his or her counselling. The practical sessions brings eligibility to counsellors to choose the style, ideas, principles, techniques and methods that appeal to him as meaningful and useful. The new insights from feedback enable the client to re-evaluate the ideas, principles, methods and characterise or change according to clients situation.This role paly session was very helpful for me because it better my skills of developing counselling relationship with client. Now I hope I know thoroughly how would start? Howe would motivate the client to ventilate his or her feelings? How would I approach therapeutically the client? And also I could learn how could use the technique silence efficaciously? So over all this counselling role paly was a great opportunity to get insight into my advantage and dis advantage of counselling skills. Therefore I would like to take this opportunity to express my ingenuou s thanks to my faculty supervisor and my colleagues.Counselling SkillsThe purpose of this essay is describing the counselling practices that I did in my class room. I n this reflective essay, I will describe the style of counselling that I used so far , the actions I had taken, the area of skills where I need further improvement, my perception about the feedbacks from other students and faculty supervisor . By discussing this particular experience in detail, I can start to aware of the specific skills and technique which counsellor may use in different situation of the client in order to boost the client to take positive action by her or himself .As part of community welfare curriculum, I need to role paly 20 minutes of counselling session with my colleague. Before the final role play I had done few days of practice sessions with my colleague. I was getting feedback from rest of the classmates and teacher as they would be the observers of the counselling sessions. I found the practi ce sessions challenging because my friend was acting as client. Even though I was playing the role of counsellor, my mind was struggling to consider my friend as client.Before embarking upon my reflection regarding counselling, I would like to contribute a brief description of about the client. My client was 52years of old lady who was looking after her 72 years of old mother. She (mother of the client) was suffering dementia. The client hast two kids who are studying. As she was working seven days, she wasnt getting time to ventilate her feeling to anyone. Actually she came to me with complaints of stress. She was afraid to tell her mother she was contemplating nursing home care.Basically I was really focused on my micro skills rather than therapeutic skills as they plays pivotal role in counselling skills more I belief. The micro skills such as empathy, questioning, minimal encourages, paraphrasing , summary, eye contact, body language, voice, structure, observation, listening and reflection of feeling could germinate the pathways to motivate the clients to ventilate his or her deeper feelings and more over could help the counsellor to build up purposeful relationship with client. However I tried to involve bit of cognitive behaviour therapy specifically downward arrow and questioning technique.As a counsellor my intention was to challenge her (client) about her irrational belief the mother would be upset when I tell about the need of nursing care . I tried to confront the client with the reality of situation by supporting the client to regard of probable consequences such as whats the worst that could happen if tell your mum about nursing home rehabilitation? And a part from that used technique of universalization by describing similar kind of experiences but it was not enough for my client get enough courage to face her issue. I tried the empty chair concept which I was extracted from gestalt therapy (Patterson, 1986).The empty chair was failure, even th ough it nurtured the idea of asking the client how would to response to a friend of having the same scenario? That was the turning point as it brought insight to the client that I was anticipating her mothers response and that was I worried more about rather than agony related to send mother to nursing home. All the counselling sessions were challenging because it was very hard to consider the colleague as a client and more over I was unsure in the beginning where to start, what I would ask, how in depth the session would be and so on.On the basis of the feedback that I got, in the first few days of the counselling role play I was expressing insufficient empathy as I was not acknowledging properly the scenario of the client. The posture wasnt good enough because I was swinging on my chair. According to my point of view I need to avoid giving advice or tendency of giving solutions as it violates the self-determination right of the client. The comments from my colleagues were very hel pful as it helped me to stick in the main stream of counselling structure.In my counselling interventions, the tendency of asking more questions and collecting information (exactly same as case history taking) was not uncommon. The tendency might be because I had taken many case histories before as part of social work studies. It was confusing rather than focusing on the clients issue. For instance once the client told about the need of rehabilitation for her mother, I was diverted from her (client) stress and started to thinking of certain strategies to deal her mothers issue (dementia) .Therefore I just need to train myself to focus on the client issue. Feedback has a very good role in improving the skills of the counsellor. It helps to determine the area where improvement or modification is needed. For example I employed empathy but not enough to acknowledge the feelings of the client. The suggestions from my mates demonstrated the way we express empathy towards clients feelings and also illustrated lots of relevant questions which I could ask to the client.From the brief explanation of self-reflection of counselling skills, counselling mproves personal effectiveness (Narayana Rao, 2002). The counsellor aims to bring about positive action on part of counselee and change the perception or understanding (irrational belief) by him or her shelf. The counsellor should be skilful in employing micro skills and the practical application of some sort of therapies from the counsellors could be helpful to provide self-direction to client or client. The feedbacks or comments from clients, colleagues, supervisors and other organizational staffs bring improvement or development of skills among counsellors.The counsellors themselves learn from experiences. Counsellor education and training or role plays stress the need of consistent approach in terms of counsellors experience, personality all reflects in his or her counselling. The practical sessions brings eligibility to counsellors to choose the style, ideas, principles, techniques and methods that appeal to him as meaningful and useful. The new insights from feedback enable the client to re-evaluate the ideas, principles, methods and modify or change according to clients situation.This role paly session was very helpful for me because it improved my skills of developing counselling relationship with client. Now I hope I know thoroughly how would start? Howe would motivate the client to ventilate his or her feelings? How would I approach therapeutically the client? And also I could learn how could use the technique silence effectively? So over all this counselling role paly was a great opportunity to get insight into my advantage and dis advantage of counselling skills. Therefore I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to my faculty supervisor and my colleagues.Counselling SkillsP1 give away processes for initiating, maintaining, developing and concluding a helping rela tionshipA helping relationship is a relationship between the pro and the patient/client which aims to help the client get through difficult situations and encourage the client to belabor their issues.Gerard Egans 3 order Skilled Helper Mode 1994, provides a basic acquitline on how helping relationships should be carried out. It is important that garters take into consideration the steps provided in the Egans mode as it provides structure and positive support to clients.The 3 layers are1. The Present Scenario 2. The Preferred Scenario 3. Getting ThereWithin each stage there are additional steps which provide detailed guidelines that will help the client action the next step in the model.The Present Scenario Stage 1Expansive 1a. the StoryThis step is to encourage the client to tell the story, the colleague should demonstrate good listening skills and support the client tell a detailed and topic related story. It also encourages the client to get side tracked and maintain focu s on the task.Challenging 2a. blind spotsAt propagation it may be hard for the client to tell the story which got them conflicted. The helper should guide the client to describe the situation from different perspectives through empathetic reflections and challenging questions to encourage the client to push oneself to fill in gaps that may be missing from their story.Focusing 1c. leverageThis is the last section of the first stage at this point the client may feel overwhelmed after telling the helper what the problem is. The helper should aid the client on concentrating on a part of their story that they feel they have the energy to change and resolve.The Preferred Scenario Stage 2Expletory 2a. possibilitiesAt this stage the helper should encourage the client to think what way they would want their situation to be. The helper should avoid over analysing or judging the client regardless of what the client describe as their perfect scenario. The client should be pushing the client to open their mind and see the bigger picture outside the problem and how they prefer things to be.Reality Testing 2a. change agendaAfter the client expresses how they wish their situation to be, the helper should encourage the client to think of realistic goal (SMART goals) that can be achievable. The client should be thinking of a time raise which they can reach within a certain time limit. The helper should support these and be a mediator for the client when they are setting their goals.Committing 2c. commitmentThe aim of the final step of stage two is for the helper to evaluate the commitment level displayed by the client to achieving their goal. The helper should encourage the client to evaluate the benefits and be of dedicating oneself to the goal and show their determinacy to achieving it.Getting There Stage 3Creative 3a. Possible ActionsThe first step of stage 3 aims to encourage the client to sixth sense possible places, people, organisations actions and attitudes that would them achieve their set goals. The helper should encourage and motivate the client to think widely on possible strategies to achieve their goal (101 ways to achieve the goal).Selecting 3b. best fit strategiesAfter the brainstorm the client will be left with many strategies, the helper should set in to guide the client to select the best and most fitting strategy to achieve their desired goal. The helper should also guide the client to analyse the internal and external factors that may affect the way their strategy is carried out.Moving Forward 3c. pointEgans Model final step, this aims to help the client plan their next steps. The plan of action should be grim down into small sections and the client should be confident and positive when explained their action plan to the helper. The helper should be encouraging the client to turn wishes into goals, but avoiding on pushing the client on creating goals that they have no desire of achieving.To conclude Egans Model proves to be a concise and important part of a helping relationship as it provides helpers with a structure and guide on how to conduct sessions and how to track improvement from client when reaching a new stage.